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/edu/ - Education

'The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force; but theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses.' - Karl Marx
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File: 1702824123255.jpg (191.73 KB, 600x900, varg.jpg)

 No.21132[Reply]

Was paganism in Europe the north of the Roman Empire even a thing?
Northern Paganism have given Catholics a perfect excuse to invade and oppress people of these territories, like how it happened in Prussia and other places, and it just so happens that everything we know about it was written by Catholics. None of these Northern Pagans thought that their religion, which they were supposedly practicing for centuries, was important enough to document it.
8 posts and 1 image reply omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.21368

>>21132
it is in the name, it was a rural thing practiced by isolated groups. most barbarians practiced the religions that were common in the empire
the roman empire expanded into christianity, not the other way around. and not just from a material perspective, the church fathers twisted the original semitic cult into a vessel for their platonic philosophy. read contra celsum
https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/70561/pg70561-images.html#against-celsus

 No.21369

>>21368
>the church fathers twisted the original semitic cult into a vessel for their platonic philosophy
platonic philosophy arrived in Judea through the Hasmonean dynasty, and their is no "original" semitic cult. Judaism itself evolved out of Yahwism, which evolved out of Canaanite polytheism, which evolved out of various forms of Mesopotamian polytheism. By the end of the Babylonian captivity, Judaism had become monotheistic, began incorporating angels and demons from Zoroastrianism into their theology, and had begun incorporating platonic philosophy into their understanding of God. Judaism split into Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots, Pharisees, and Early Christians. Only Pharisees and Early Christians survived the Second Temple period. Pharisees became Rabbinic Judaism and Early Christians split between Jewish Christians and Pauline Christians. Pauline Christians evolved into Nicean Christians, which became the basis for Roman Catholicism, and Jewish Christians who still abided by dietary restrictions, etc. possibly became the basis for Islam later on. The idea that there is an "original" forgets that religions, just like languages, are fluid, evolving social constructs and not eternal doctrines that have "Fallen" from their original state. They split. They merge. They change. They grow. They shrink. They sometimes go extinct. But there is no "original" we can point to because if you go far back enough they evolve out of poorly documented pre-historical traditions like ancestor worship, ceremonial burial, oral myths and legends, etc. Before written history you have ~200,000 years of unwritten religious practice by the human species.

 No.21370

>>21369
semitic cult as in, the original cult around jesus. please tell me that's a chatgpt prompt or something and you didn't write this shit by hand
/edu/ is supposed to be about education but I'm not going to explain historical materialism, it is clearly out of your league

 No.21374

>>21370
>semitic cult as in, the original cult around jesus.
That's not what the word semitic means
> please tell me that's a chatgpt prompt or something and you didn't write this shit by hand
I did type it myself, yes.
>/edu/ is supposed to be about education but I'm not going to explain historical materialism, it is clearly out of your league
Have you eaten today? Did you get enough sleep? It seems like you might be in a bad mood.

 No.21401

>>21369
>platonic philosophy arrived in Judea through the Hasmonean dynasty
You mean the Greek Seluecid dynasty


File: 1608528384265.jpg (169.33 KB, 1200x525, hegel anti idpol.jpg)

 No.4337[Reply][Last 50 Posts]

There are people who spend their entire lives reading Hegel and still manage to come out empty handed.

ITT we discuss the great thinker, Karl Marx's teacher, and he on who's shadow we walk:

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

>What are good things to read/view to get an understanding of Hegel from a philosophical neophyte?

<What service can Hegel's philosophy provide us today?

>What an be done to make Hegel more accessible to the masses? Why is it so unpenetrable?
155 posts and 37 image replies omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.11155

>>11153
oh sorry i only posted the space not the room
https://matrix.to/#/%23iasreadinggroupzaai:halogen.city

 No.11161

>>11153
>>11155
i wrote a summary that you guys can check out here:
https://alogs.space/robowaifu/res/11102.html#16839

 No.21398

Thoughts on recent readings placing Hegel in a revolutionary and nonconservative light?

 No.21399

>>21398
What took them so long?

 No.21400

A nice lecture on Hegel's Philosophy of History.
>>21399
Well, arguably Marx's and Marxist reading of Hegel got in the way, as well as the conservatives that took on Hegel and tried to make it theirs.


File: 1699927838986.jpg (48.53 KB, 1280x720, maxault.jpg)

 No.20941[Reply]

So I read this guy's essay called Kant, Capital and the Prohibition of Incest. I thought it was pretty good and I was surprised because I heard this guy was extreme alt right crank and here he is discussing racism, patriarchy and capitalism in South Africa. I checked and yeah this guy is now a legit fascist or "neoreactionary" or whatever and he regularly appears on far right shows. What the fuck happened? Is the rest of his stuff worth reading?
1 post omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.20943

Fanged noumina and the whole ccru were a beautiful cyber post modernism.
>what happened?
The group broke up and mark fisher died. Nick land is the definition of “used to be good.”

 No.20945

>>20941
Where is the evidence he is a fascist? I thought he lived in communist China? He is a communist

 No.20949

>>20945
He wants the government to be run by an oligarchical boardroom that appoints a CEO (literally the term he uses) who tries to maximize the rate at which capital accelerates its own growth. Whatever you want to call that, that's what he is. He technically does support Marxist experiments still, but he doesn't want them to take over the world and prevent capital from developing a cybernetic body that can escape human whims. I'm not the person you're replying to, but I don't really think this is too far off from fascism. It's basically Curtis Yarvin's plan but with ambitions of post-humanism instead of libertarianism. The "meth" answer has a modicum of truth to it, by his own admission he went partially insane after a year-long meth binge, but IMO this isn't really the cause so much as a symptom of his madness. The thing about Fisher's suicide is a non-sequitor, happened way after Land went post-Marxist.

 No.20959

>>20943
I'll just stick to Fanged Noumena and CCRU then. I never really liked Fisher though.

It seems Land just took the whole accelerationist thing way too far and now that's all he lives for.

 No.21397

>>20941
The only thing I've read by Nick Land was an article called "HYPER-RACISM" which basically parroted debunked bell-curve race science. Then it tried to describe how people marry / mate based in the same class and that class is a proxy for IQ / intelligence (literally not even true, ignoring that IQ is stupid), therefore we're on the verge of creating a new race of hyper intelligent humans or something.

I think the thing that I find so annoying about it (racism aside), is the same thing that annoys me about silicon valley tech billionaires. It's this idea that technology and science are hurtling forward exponentially, and that there are no fundamental constraints that govern the world. It's just like… so obviously not true. There are hard constraints on the literal physical world, there are mathematical constraints, there are economic constrains, you can't just hand wave away all of this shit.

I think the reason e-acc people have glommed on to accelerationism is because we've started hitting the tail end of Moore's law and low interest rates, and no one wants to believe that we're about to enter a period of technological stagnation in computing. We've lived through a period of rapid scientific and technological advancement, but there's no real reason to believe it will last forever and real evidence that some of it is slowing down.


File: 1705171852332.jpeg (17.03 KB, 324x500, 4927A567-851F-4AFE-92B7-F….jpeg)

 No.21386[Reply]

Currently reading this book and I need some help understanding some of this since it’s not clicking. First of all I need help in layman’s terms what all this means specifically:

We need, to start with, a few terms which will be defined precisely later. In a given state of technique, resources and costs, the employment of a given volume of labour by an entrepreneur involves him in two kinds of expense: first of all, the amounts which he pays out to the factors of production (exclusive of other entrepreneurs) for their current services, which we shall call the factor cost of the employment in question; and secondly, the amounts which he pays out to other entrepreneurs for what he has to purchase from them together with the sacrifice which he incurs by employing the equipment instead of leaving it idle, which we shall call the user cost of the employment in question. The excess of the value of the resulting output over the sum of its factor cost and its user cost is the profit or, as we shall call it, the income of the entrepreneur. The factor cost is, of course, the same thing, looked at from the point of view of the entrepreneur, as what the factors of production regard as their income. Thus the factor cost and the entrepreneur's profit make up, between them, what we shall define as the total income resulting from the employment given by the entrepreneur. The entrepreneur's profit thus defined is, as it should be, the quantity which he endeavours to maximise when he is deciding what amount of employment to offer. It is sometimes convenient, when we are looking at it from the entrepreneur's standpoint, to call the aggregate income (i.e. factor cost plus profit) resulting from a given amount of employment the proceeds of that employment. On the other hand, the aggregate supply price of the output of a given amount of employment is the expectation of proceeds which will just make it worth the while of the entrepreneurs to give that employment.
It follows that in a given situation of technique, resources and factor cost per unit of employment, the amount of employment, both in each individual firm and industry and in the aggregate, depends on the amount of the proceeds which the entrepreneurs expect to receive from the corresponding output. For entrepreneurs will endeavour to fix the amount of employment at the level which they expect to maximise the excess of the proceeds over the factor cost.

 No.21389

>>21386
In a given state of "technique, resources and costs", the employment of a given volume of labour [labor power, or total labor time] by an entrepreneur involves him in two kinds of expense (concerns the business owner in two ways):

first of all, the amounts which he pays out to the factors of production (exclusive of other entrepreneurs) for their current services, which we shall call the factor cost of the employment in question; (the cost of employment, meaning salaries)

and secondly, the amounts which he pays out to other entrepreneurs for what he has to purchase from them together with the sacrifice which he incurs by employing the equipment instead of leaving it idle, which we shall call the user cost of the employment in question. (The cost of materials and machines including repairing said machines)

Basically, the business owner needs to think about salaries and materials that the business buys from other businesses.

 No.21390

>>21386
>The excess of the value of the resulting output over the sum of its factor cost and its user cost is the profit or, as we shall call it, the income of the entrepreneur.
Here he's just defining profit. Meaning:
Profit = income of business owner = output value - cost of labor - cost of materials.

 No.21391

>>21386
>The factor cost is, of course, the same thing, looked at from the point of view of the entrepreneur, as what the factors of production regard as their income.
Business owners consider profit to be income, just as laborers consider their salary to be income. Factors of production seems to be laborers or employees here.
>>21386
>Thus the factor cost and the entrepreneur's profit make up, between them, what we shall define as the total income resulting from the employment given by the entrepreneur.
Salaries + profits = total income that comes from the business owner being charitable by giving employment.
Essentially he's saying salaries + profit = total money "created" by the company.
>>21386
>The entrepreneur's profit thus defined is, as it should be, the quantity which he endeavours to maximise when he is deciding what amount of employment to offer.
The business owner wants to maximize profit. It stands to reason, he says, that the business owner wants to cut salaries to increase profit.
>>21386
>It is sometimes convenient, when we are looking at it from the entrepreneur's standpoint, to call the aggregate income (i.e. factor cost plus profit) resulting from a given amount of employment the proceeds of that employment.
From a business owner's perspective, it's convenient to muddy the water by creating this concept of "aggregate income" that the owner then charitably shares with the employees he gives employment to, with his enormous charitable heart.
>>21386
>On the other hand, the aggregate supply price of the output of a given amount of employment is the expectation of proceeds which will just make it worth the while of the entrepreneurs to give that employment.
Post too long. Click here to view the full text.

 No.21395

>>21389
>>21390
>>21391
Okay that was the easy one but how about this one:


Let Z be the aggregate supply price of the output from employing N men, the relationship between Z and N being written Z = φ(N), which can be called the aggregate supply function. Similarly, let D be the proceeds which entrepreneurs expect to receive from the employment of N men, the relationship between D and N being written D = f(N), which can be called the aggregate demand function.
Now if for a given value of N the expected proceeds are greater than the aggregate supply price, i.e. if D is greater than Z, there will be an incentive to entrepreneurs to increase employment beyond N and, if necessary, to raise costs by competing with one another for the factors of production, up to the value of N for which Z has become equal to D. Thus the volume of employment is given by the point of intersection between the aggregate demand function and the aggregate supply function; for it is at this point that the entrepreneurs' expectation of profits will be maximised. The value of D at the point of the aggregate demand function, where it is intersected by the aggregate supply function, will be called the effective demand. Since this is the substance of the General Theory of Employment, which it will be our object to expound, the succeeding chapters will be largely occupied with examining the various factors upon which these two functions depend.
The classical doctrine, on the other hand, which used to be expressed categorically in the statement that 'Supply creates its own Demand' and continues to underlie all orthodox economic theory, involves a special assumption as to the relationship between these two functions. For 'Supply creates its own Demand' must mean that f(N) and φ(N) are equal for all values of N, i.e. for all levels of output and employment; and that when there is an increase in Z ( = φ(N)) corresponding to an increase in N, D ( = f(N)) necessarily increases by the same amount as Z. The classical theory assumes, in other words, that the aggregate demand price (or proceeds) always accommodates itself to the aggregate supply price; so that, whatever the value of N may be, the proceeds D aPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

 No.21396

>>21395
I have to sleep friend. It wasn't easy to read. This guy seems to write in an obfuscated manner. I had to read it and break it down. Maybe I can break this down tomorrow.


File: 1704900459765.png (210.49 KB, 1099x809, 1704864795103316_Taiping_p….png)

 No.21375[Reply]

Was it proto-Christcom?
1 post omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.21377

> The sexes were rigorously separated 26) There were separate army units consisting of women only; until1855, not even married couples were allowed to live together or have sexual relations.
Based. Taiping was actually existing revcel

 No.21378

>>21375
how was the no SEXOOOOOOO -policy enforced?

 No.21379

>>21375
maoism's true ideological ancestor

 No.21380

>>21376
ISIS are western funded reactionaries, the Heavenly kingdom was nothing like them. It was very progressive for its time promoting rights for women, banning opium and socializing all land. The Taiping rebellion was a rebellion against western imperialism and Qing oppression, that's why Chinese communists held it in high regard. It deserves my respect.

 No.21381

File: 1704926007925.mp4 (2.64 MB, 1280x720, yt5s.com-Chinese Civil War….mp4)



 No.21310[Reply]

Someone quoted this book on the main board and I started reading it. Maybe others are interested to read it as well and discuss its content.
Has anyone read this already? In that case, what's your opinion on it?

 No.21311

File: 1704276828787.pdf (1.08 MB, 197x255, Roslyn Wallach Bologh - Di….pdf)


 No.21358

The author repeats herself a lot. She‘s also using some words in a manner that‘s not colloquial which isn‘t that big of a deal but can be needlessly confusing. She also uses them synonymously which is redundant and could also convey a different meaning if you didn‘t know she meant them synonymously. Still an interesting read though, those are just minor things that bothered me.


File: 1703787000023.jpg (110.56 KB, 800x566, What-is-Geography.jpg)

 No.21320[Reply]

Hey /siberia/

I always wondered why does Geography get looked down on by engineers and programmers

Like it's only let's say half a social science

But the other half concerning landscapes, resources, weather, etc. including maps (believe it or not measuring physical stuff is not the domain of social sciences) is 100% a natural science

To be honest even outside STEMbros I've noticed regular PMC and petty-bourgeoisie types being disdainful towards anyone with even a passing interest in Geography, god forbid studying it

Why is this the case?
30 posts and 2 image replies omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.21351

>>21337
I can't really blame them for having a God complex at the time of Newton, that shit was crazy.

 No.21352

>>21320
>Social sciences bad
>No, I will not learn skills outside of my field of expertize
>Natural sciences can LITERALLY answer ANYTHING, philosophy is useless and cringe
>My field requires big brain therefore my field is superior
>Why don't you use maths as often? Maths are clearly superior to English

 No.21353

File: 1704385423914.jpg (556.08 KB, 2048x2048, tumblr_36c7581006186578b4d….jpg)

Geography can get in the way of certain projects being practical / logistically viable, and that means baing told no by someone that isn't their higher up.
It's only when someone knows geography that they encounter this issue, so knowing geography is Woke; because when truth is known, the truth has a monopoly on being the truth, while if the truth is discarded, then many 'truths' may compete with eachother in a marketly manner.

 No.21354

>>21351
yeah thats true at least back then it was some real groundbreaking shit they must've been so hype

 No.21355

I don't think this is a generalized thing, but even if it was, who cares. Programmers have had their brains scrambled up trying to reconcile how socially useless their job is vs how well-compensated it is

t. programmer


File: 1702909972161-0.webm (140.43 KB, 960x720, sage.webm)

File: 1702909972161-1.png (111.47 KB, 234x234, ClipboardImage.png)

 No.21140[Reply]

I'd like to see some discussion, resources, whatever about how an individual or a community should handle trolls, or the methods used by organized agitators to troll forums.
This is a significant topic for preventing the disruption of communities and of information sharing, even more in loosely-moderated places.

Bonus points for anything pertaining to an actual collective counter-trolling tactics rather than just individuals or enforced authority (e.g. moderation deleting/banning).
11 posts and 3 image replies omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.21183

File: 1703287375053.pdf (460.11 KB, 180x255, FCJ-158Vyshali Manivannan.pdf)

>>21177
What's your point?

Of course I'm not pretending there's a binary choice between censorship and freeze peach. Even 4chan /b/ was a blatantly censored place, even beyond anti-CP and anti-bot/flood measures. They had censorship measures in-line with their community values, like wordfilters (esp. camgirl->cumdumpster after camgirls flooded in) and arbitrary public banning.
All conversations worth having should be limited, but not all to the same degree.

 No.21314

this might be of interest to you op

 No.21317

File: 1704346791727.jpeg (112.12 KB, 640x947, take the bait.jpeg)

>>21147
consensus crack tho

 No.21318

File: 1704380266635.mp4 (6.36 MB, 1916x800, words_of_wisdom.mp4)

>>21317
That image you keep posting doesn't make sense.

I'm not saying I disagree, I'm saying it's semantically weird.

1) The term 'CONSENSUS CRACKING' (emphasis in original, just like in the image) seems to originate only from The Gentleperson's Guide To Forum Spies >>21142
which claims a certain method is used to develop a crack, a method which doesn't involve posting bait or trolling at all. In fact, it would be smartest to intentionally avoid seeming like either, because the point is to attack your weak planted argument with evidence which appears convincing and widely supported (i.e. the consensus) to the uninformed reader. The rigged argument results in a pre-determined break of consensus being reached in the thread, because one side was intentionally introduced with a weak premise and the other side is artificially inflated with fake accounts. If the cracker were trolling or baiting for reactions, they wouldn't convince the uninformed reader nor be able to fake an anti-consensus, plus it would encourage other forum members to be adverse and then discredit the cracking attempt with real counter-arguments rather than only a rigged one, ruining the consensus crack.
Trolls posting bait is not a consensus cracking attempt, as they do not attempt to plant a conversation which reaches a rigged anti-consensus. If anything, they strive for the opposite - universal opposition to their posts. They reinforce the consensus by making an inflammatory opposition to it for the consensus to unite around, while consensus cracking attempts to manufacture a positive opposition to the consensus.

2) The images disregards that and implicitly reinterprets a 'consensus crack' as a shift in the Overton window of acceptable ideas, so let's be fair and work with that.

But even then, ignoring a shitty unwanted post has the same effect as the regular users themselves forum sliding that unwanted post! It doesn't create any impression that the post's ideas are accepted (let alone consensus!!) if it is completely ignored. Nor does it create that impression if, rather than taking the bait, users refuse to dignify it with a response and simply post laughing anime girls.

Rather, to take bait and pretend it has a right to Post too long. Click here to view the full text.

 No.21319

*
>>21314
I've seen it before, it's a good watch and I recommend! Thanks for sharing.
The Fediverse, from what I've gathered, has normalized medium/high barriers of entry in large numbers of popular communities (as opposed to high-barrier communities being on the fringes, as opposed to capitalist-oriented platforms making barriers extremely low to aid getting as many users as possible), and being federated encourages people to find their own spaces. Contrast again with typical imageboards, with one of the lowest barriers of entry (no registration) and often leaning towards liberal rules if it's not a specialised community. The Mastodon approach, with federated safe spaces, collaborative moderation, and rapid staff responses, makes trolling more time consuming and less rewarding, I'd assume.


File: 1704196936391.png (16.77 KB, 434x707, A67AF219-35D3-4635-941C-69….png)

 No.21304[Reply]

What are the best books that provide an introduction to economics and economic theories/concepts?
These books don’t necessarily have to be socialist/communist.

 No.21313

<23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism
And tbh basically most of Ha-Joon Chang's (neo-Keynsian biased) work. I'd also include his Economics for People.

 No.21315

Read this thread, OP, it has the same question
>>10791

 No.21316

Investopedia and that Anwar Shaikh book


File: 1669569890920-0.png (56.38 KB, 500x670, Oekaki.png)

File: 1669569890920-1.pdf (2.19 MB, 180x255, Black book of capitalism b….pdf)

File: 1669569890920-2.pdf (2.49 MB, 197x255, Le livre noir du capitalis….pdf)

 No.13769[Reply][Last 50 Posts]

After three months of labor, I present you the current state of the translation project of the french Black Book of Capitalism from 1998.

The raw traduction is completed, the work is in the process of being proofread to enhance the general english level. So far two benevolent English speakers manifested their interest in this endeavour, one of them already corrected the Foreword and Introduction.

Gitea of the Black Book of Communism: https://git.leftypol.org/latexanon/bboc
If you download the whole deposit and run it trough a Tex editor, a whole book appears! Credits to LaTex Anon for this magic

This thread will be used as a hub to update the progressively the book with the proofreader's input, but also to sketch the specification of an enhanced edition of the BBOC, as well as gathering material in this regard, because after a few more decades of neoliberalism, some updates would be welcome. Furthermore as some people remarked, the book is far from exhaustive.
140 posts and 64 image replies omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.20969

<BBOC is kill
:(

 No.20970

>>20966
there's a bajillion ways of doing cover pages in LaTeX itself. you can also do it with some external program then use pdfjam to join it with other pdfs
>>20969
I've had in mind to create a thread on the main board about this to try and drum up some proofreading interest again

 No.20978

>>20970
>I've had in mind to create a thread on the main board about this to try and drum up some proofreading interest again
Good plan imo, an update with initial version, plus notes oin what is to be done, would be cool :D

 No.20979

>>20978
yeah. having proofreaders adopt a tripcode would be useful too I think

 No.21312

HYPE


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